Para informacion en espanol, visite www.ftc.gov/credit o
escribe a la FTC Consumer Response
Center, Room 130-A 600 Pennsylvania Ave. N.W., Washington,
D.C. 20580.
A Summary of Your Rights Under the Fair Credit Reporting
Act
The federal Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) promotes the
accuracy, fairness, and privacy of information in the files of consumer
reporting agencies. There are many types of consumer reporting agencies,
including credit bureaus and specialty agencies (such as agencies that sell
information about check writing histories, medical records, and rental history
records). Here is a summary of your major rights under the FCRA.
For more information, including information about
additional rights, go to www.ftc.gov/credit or write to: Consumer Response Center, Room 130-A, Federal
Trade Commission, 600 Pennsylvania Ave. N.W., Washington,
D.C. 20580.
C You must be told if information in your file has been used
against you.
Anyone who uses a credit report or another type of consumer
report to deny your application for credit, insurance, or employment - or to
take another adverse action against you - must tell you, and must give you the
name, address, and phone number of the agency that provided the information.
C You have the right to know what is in your file.
You may request and obtain all the information about you in
the files of a consumer reporting agency (your "file disclosure"). You will be
required to provide proper identification, which may include your Social
Security number. In many cases, the disclosure will be free. You are entitled
to a free file disclosure if:
C a person has taken adverse action against you because of
information in your credit
report;
C you are the victim of identify theft and place a fraud
alert in your file;
C your file contains inaccurate information as a result of
fraud;
C you are on public assistance;
C you are unemployed but expect to apply for employment
within 60 days.
In addition, by September 2005 all consumers will be
entitled to one free disclosure every 12 months upon request from each
nationwide credit bureau and from nationwide specialty consumer reporting
agencies. See www.ftc.gov/creditfor additional information.
C You have the right to ask for a credit score.
Credit scores are numerical summaries of your credit-worthiness
based on information from credit bureaus. You may request a credit score from
consumer reporting agencies that create scores or distribute scores used in
residential real property loans, but you will have to pay for it. In some
mortgage transactions, you will receive credit score information for free from
the mortgage lender.
C You have the right to dispute incomplete or inaccurate
information. If you identify
information in your file that is incomplete or inaccurate, and report
it to the consumer reporting agency, the agency must investigate unless your
dispute is frivolous. See www.ftc.gov/credit for an explanation of dispute procedures.
C Consumer reporting agencies must correct or delete
inaccurate, incomplete, or
unverifiable information.
Inaccurate, incomplete or unverifiable information must be removed
or corrected, usually within 30 days. However, a consumer reporting agency may continue
to report information it has verified as accurate.
C Consumer reporting agencies may not report outdated
negative information.
In most cases, a consumer reporting agency may not report
negative information that is more than seven years old, or bankruptcies that
are more than 10 years old.
C Access to your file is limited.
A consumer reporting agency may provide information about you
only to people with a valid need -- usually to consider an application with a
creditor, insurer, employer, landlord, or other business. The FCRA specifies
those with a valid need for access.
C You must give your consent for reports to be provided to
employers.
A consumer reporting agency may not give out information
about you to your employer, or a potential employer, without your written
consent given to the employer. Written consent generally is not required in the
trucking industry. For more information, go to www.ftc.gov/credit.
C You may limit "prescreened" offers of credit and insurance
you get based on information in your credit report.
Unsolicited "prescreened" offers for credit and insurance
must include a toll-free phone number you can call if you choose to remove your
name and address from the lists these offers are based on. You may opt-out with
the nationwide credit bureaus at 1-888-5-OPTOUT (1-888-567-8688).
C You may seek damages from violators.
If a consumer reporting agency, or, in some cases, a user
of consumer reports or a furnisher of information to a consumer reporting
agency violates the FCRA, you may be able to sue in state or federal court.
C Identity theft victims and active duty military personnel
have additional rights. For more information,
visit www.ftc.gov/credit.
States may enforce the FCRA, and
many states have their own consumer reporting laws. In some cases, you may have
more rights under state law. For more information, contact your state or local
consumer protection agency or your state Attorney General. Federal enforcers are:
TYPE OF
BUSINESS: CONTACT:
Consumer
reporting agencies, creditors and others not listed below Federal Trade
Commission: Consumer
Response Center
- FCRA
Washington, DC
20580
1-877-382-4357
National
banks, federal branches/agencies of foreign banks (word
"National"
or initials "N.A." appear in or after bank's name)
Office of
the Comptroller of the Currency
Compliance
Management, Mail Stop 6-6
Washington, DC
20219
800-613-6743
Federal
Reserve System member banks (except national banks,
and
federal branches/agencies of foreign banks)
Federal
Reserve Consumer Help (FRCH)
P O Box 1200
Minneapolis, MN
55480
Telephone:
888-851-1920
Website
Address: www.federalreserveconsumerhelp.gov
Email
Address: ConsumerHelp@FederalReserve.gov
Savings
associations and federally chartered savings banks (word
"Federal"
or initials "F.S.B." appear in federal institution's name)
Office of
Thrift Supervision
Consumer
Complaints
Washington, DC
20552 800-842-6929
Federal
credit unions (words "Federal Credit Union" appear in
institution's
name)
National
Credit Union Administration
1775 Duke Street
Alexandria, VA
22314
703-519-4600
State-chartered
banks that are not members of the Federal Reserve
System
Federal
Deposit Insurance Corporation
Consumer Response Center, 2345 Grand Avenue, Suite 100
Kansas City, Missouri
64108-2638
1-877-275-3342
Air,
surface, or rail common carriers regulated by former Civil
Aeronautics
Board or Interstate Commerce Commission
Department
of Transportation , Office of Financial Management
Washington, DC
20590
202-366-1306
Activities
subject to the Packers and Stockyards Act, 1921 Department of Agriculture
Office of
Deputy Administrator - GIPSA
Washington, DC
20250
202-720-7051
Identity Theft
Para informacion en espanol,
visite www.ftc.gov/idtheft o escribe a la FTC, Consumer Response Center,
Room 130-B, 600 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C., 20580.
Remedying the Effects of Identity Theft
You are receiving this information because you have notified a
consumer reporting
agency that you believe that you are
a victim of identity theft. Identity theft occurs when
someone uses your name, Social
Security number, date of birth, or other identifying information, without
authority, to commit fraud. For example, someone may have committed identity
theft by using your personal information to open a credit card account or get a
loan in your name. For more information, visit www.ftc.gov/idtheft
or write to: FTC, Consumer Response Center, Room
130-B, 600
Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W. Washington,
D.C., 20580.
The Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) gives you specific rights
when you are, or believe
that you are, the victim of
identity theft. Here is a brief summary of the rights designed to help you
recover from identity theft.
1. You have the right to ask that nationwide consumer reporting
agencies place "fraud alerts" in your file to let
potential creditors and others know that you may be a victim of identity theft.
A fraud alert can make it more difficult for someone to get credit in your name
because it tells creditors to follow certain procedures to protect you. It also
may delay your ability to obtain credit. You may place a fraud alert in your
file by calling just one of the three nationwide consumer reporting agencies.
As soon as that agency
processes your
fraud alert, it will notify the other two, which then also must place fraud alerts in your file.
C Equifax: 1-800-525-6285; www.equifax.com
C Experian: 1-800-EXPERIAN (397-3742); www.experian.com
C TransUnion:
1-800-680-7289; www.transunion.com
An initial fraud alert stays in your file for at least 90 days. An
extended alert stays in your for seven years. To place
either of these alerts, a consumer reporting agency will you to provide appropriate
proof of your identity, which may include your Social Security number. If you ask for an extended alert, you will have to provide an identity theft report. An identity theft report includes a copy of a report you
have filed with a federal, state, or local law
enforcement agency, and additional information a consumer reporting agency
may require you to submit. For more detailed information about the identity heft report , visit www.ftc.gov/idtheft
2. You have the right to free copies
of the information in your file (your "file
disclosure"). An initial fraud alert
entitles you to a copy of all the information in your file at each of the three
nationwide agencies, and an extended alert entitles you to two free file
disclosures in a 12-month period following the placing of the alert. These additional
disclosures may help you detect signs of fraud, for example, whether fraudulent
accounts have been opened in your name or whether someone has reported a change
in your address. Once a year, you also have the right to a free copy of the information
in your file at any consumer reporting agency, if you believe it has inaccurate
information due to fraud, such as identity theft. You also have the ability to obtain
additional free file disclosures under other provisions of the FCRA. See www.ftc.gov/credi.t
3. You have the right to obtain
documents relating to fraudulent transactions made or accounts opened using
your personal information.
A creditor or other business must give you copies of applications
and other business records relating to transactions and accounts that resulted
from the theft of your identity, f you ask for them in writing. A business may
ask you for proof of your identity, a police report, and an affidavit before giving
you the documents. It also may specify an address for you to send your request.Under
certain circumstances, a business can refuse to provide you with these
documents. See www.ftc.gov/idthef.t
4. You have the right to obtain
information from a debt collector.
If you ask, a debt collector must provide you with certain
information about the debt you believe was incurred in your name by an identity
thief - like the name of the creditor and the amount of the debt.
5. If you believe information in your
file results from identity theft, you have the right to ask that a consumer
reporting agency block that information from your file. An identity thief may
run up bills in your name and not pay them. Information about the unpaid bills
may appear on your consumer report. Should you decide to ask a consumer reporting
agency to block the reporting of this information, you must identify the information
to block, and provide the consumer reporting agency with proof of your identity
and a copy of your identity theft report. The consumer reporting agency can refuse or cancel your request
for a block if, for example, you don't provide the necessary documentation, or
where the block results from an error or a material misrepresentation of fact
made by you. If the agency declines or rescinds the block, it must notify you. Once
a debt resulting from identity theft has been blocked, a person or business
with notice of the block may not sell, transfer, or place the debt for
collection.
6. You also may prevent businesses
from reporting information about you to consumer reporting agencies if you
believe the information is a result of identity theft.
To do so, you must send your request to
the address specified by the business that reports he information to the
consumer reporting agency. The business will expect you to dentify what information you do not want reported and to provide an identity theft report.
To
learn more about identity theft and how to deal with its consequences, visit www.ftc.gov/idtheft, or write to the FTC.
You may have additional rights under state law.Or more information, contact your local consumer protection agency or your state atorney general.In
addition to the new rights and procedures to help consumers deal with he effects of identity theft, the FCRA has many other important consumer
protections.hey are described in more detail at www.ftc.gov/credit
The Fair Credit Reporting Act Your rights
The Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) requires each of the nationwide consumer reporting companies - Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion - to provide you with a free copy of your credit report, at your request, once every 12 months. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC), the nation's consumer protection agency, has prepared a brochure, Your Access to Free Credit Reports, explaining your rights under the FCRA and how to order a free annual credit report.
A credit report includes information on where you live, how you pay your bills, and whether you've been sued, arrested, or filed for bankruptcy. Nationwide consumer reporting companies sell the information in your report to creditors, insurers, employers, and other businesses that use it to evaluate your applications for credit, insurance, employment, or renting a home.
How do I order my free report?
You can order your free annual credit report online at annualcreditreport.com, by calling 1-877-322-8228, or by completing the Annual Credit Report Request Form and mailing it to: Annual Credit Report Request Service, P.O. Box 105281, Atlanta, GA 30348-5281.
When you order, you need to provide your name, address, Social Security number, and date of birth. To verify your identity, you may need to provide some information that only you would know, like the amount of your monthly mortgage payment.
A Warning About "Imposter" Sites
The FTC advises consumers who order their free annual credit reports online to be sure to correctly spell annualcreditreport.com, or link to it from the FTC's website to avoid being misdirected to other websites that offer supposedly free reports,but only with the purchase of other products. While consumers may be offered additional products or services while on the authorized website, they are not required to make a purchase to receive their free annual credit reports.
What Is
the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act
The
Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, often referred to as the "FDCPA",
was passed by Congress in response to abusive conduct by collection agencies,
and concern that the abuses were causing an increase in the filings of personal
bankruptcies. The purpose of the Act is to provide guidelines for
collection agencies which are seeking to collect legitimate debts, while
providing protections and remedies for debtors.
What
Types of Debts Are Covered?
The
FDCPA applies to personal, family, and household debts, including debts
associated with the purchase of a car, for medical care, for retail financing,
for first and second mortgages, and for money owed on credit card accounts.
Please note that most states have similar laws, which typically proscribe the
same types of misconduct by debt collectors and which may cover a broader range
of debts than the federal law.
What
Debt Collectors Are Covered By The Act
The
act regulates the conduct of debt collectors: any person who regularly collects
debts owed to others. This definition includes lawyers who perform debt
collection services on a regular basis. Even where money is legitimately owed,
a debt collector's conduct is restricted by this law.
In-house
collection agents are not ordinarily covered by the Act. For example, if you
have a store credit card, and the store's own collection department contacts
you, the FDCPA does not apply. However if the same store uses an outside
collection agency to contact you in relation to that same debt, the outside
agency's conduct is restricted by the FDCPA. Similarly, if the same store uses
an in-house collection agent, but suggests to you that the collection is being
performed by a third party, the FDCPA may apply to them as a result of that
representation.
Please
note that there may be other laws in your state which restrict the conduct of
in-house collection agents.
What
Restrictions Are Imposed On Collection Agencies By The FDCPA?
The
FDCPA restricts debt collectors from engaging in conduct including the
following:
- Contacting a third
party who does not owe the debt, such as a relative, neighbor, or your
employer. Co-signers to the debt, however, may be contacted by the debt
collector;
- Threatening to
refer your account to an attorney, harm your credit rating, repossession or
garnishment, without actual intention of action on the threat. Please note that
a debt collector may warn you of an actual impending intention to refer your
case to an attorney or to report your debt to a credit agency. What they cannot
do is use a false threat to try to intimidate you into paying;
- Making repeated
telephone calls or telephone calls at unreasonable times. The act defines unreasonable
times as contact before 8:00 AM or after 9:00 PM, unless you have given the
debt collector permission to contact you during those hours;
- Placing telephone
calls to an inconvenient place. For example, contacting you at work in
violation of a policy by your employer that is known to the debt collector or
following a request by you that they not contact you at work;
- When placing a
telephone call to you at work, informing your employer of the purpose of the
call, unless first asked by the employer;
- Using obscenity,
racial slurs or insults;
- Sending letters
which appear to have come from a court;
- Seeking collection
fees or interest charges not permitted by your contract or by state law;
- Requesting
post-dated checks with the intention to prosecute if they bounce;
- Suing in courts
far removed from your place of residence;
- Making certain
false representations in association with efforts to collect the debt,
including the false claim that the person contacting you in relation to the
debt is an attorney, falsely claiming to have started a lawsuit, using a false
name, or using stationery that is designed to look like an official court or
government communication;
- Using false claims
to collect information about the debtor, such as pretending to be conducting a
survey;
- Threatening you
with arrest if you do not pay the debt.
Who May
A Debt Collector Contact About My Debt?
If
you have an attorney, you can instruct the debt collector to make all inquiries
about the debt through your attorney. Once the debt collector has been
instructed to make inquiries through your attorney, they should no longer make
any direct contact with you.
|
Sample
Letter
|
|
Your Name
Your Address
Date
Collection Agency's Name
Collection Agency's Address
|
Subject:
|
Debt
Collection Against [Your Name]
Creditor Name: [Creditor]
Account No. [Number]
|
Dear Account Representative,
I am writing pursuant to
the Fair Debt Collections Practices Act (FDCPA) to inform you that I am
represented by an attorney in relation to the alleged debt associated with
my account [number ________] with [creditor]. Please direct all further
inquiries to my attorney:
[Attorney's Name and
Address]
Thank you for your
cooperation.
Sincerely,
[Your Name]
|
|
If
you do not have an attorney, the debt collector may make only those inquiries
necessary to determine where you live, what your phone number is, and where you
work. If your current address is not known, the debt collector may be permitted
to send a single letter to your last known employer inquiring about your present
address. Ordinarily, other than your attorney, a debt collector may make only
one inquiry about you with any given third party.
What
Must The Debt Collector Tell You About The Debt?
Within
five days of their first contact with you, the debt collector must send you a
written notice telling you:
- How
much money you reportedly owe;
- The
name of the creditor to whom the debt is owed;
- That
unless you, within thirty days after receipt of the notice, dispute the
validity of the debt or any portion thereof, the debt will be assumed
valid by the debt collector;
- That
if you dispute the debt in full or in part within that thirty day period,
the debt collector will obtain verification of the debt and mail it to the
consumer; and
- That
upon your written request within the thirty day period, the debt collector
will provide you with the name and address of the original creditor, if
different from the current creditor.
The
first notice must also include a warning known as the "Mini-Miranda
Warning", which must state that the communication is from a debt collector
and that any information obtained may be used to collect the debt. Except for
pleadings associated with a legal action, all subsequent communication from the
debt collector must also include this warning.
Please
note that the thirty day notice requirement does not limit the debt collector
from taking other measures to collect the debt during that initial thirty day
period, as long as its action is not inconsistent with your right to contest
the debt under the FDCPA.
What If
You Don't Want The Collection Agency To Contact You?
If
you wish the debt collector to stop contacting you, you must send the
collection agency a written notice instructing them to stop. Once the
collection agency receives that letter, they may contact you only one
additional time to notify you that the collection agency or creditor intends to
take a specific action in relation to the debt.
Sending
this type of notice does not resolve the debt. For example, the creditor may
file a lawsuit against you in order to collect the debt, even if you prohibit
further contact by the collection agency.
|
Sample
Letter
|
|
Your Name
Your Address
Date
Collection Agency's Name
Collection Agency's Address
|
Subject:
|
Debt
Collection Against [Your Name]
Creditor Name: [Creditor]
Account No. [Number]
|
Dear Account Representative,
I am writing pursuant to
the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, 15 USC 1692c(c), to request to
request that you cease all communication to me about my account [number
________] with [creditor].
[If you wish, explain
your circumstances. For example, "I was recently laid off from my job,
and I do not presently have any resources with which to pay off this debt.
Once I have again secured employment, I intend to resume payment on the
debt."]
[If there have been any
violations of the FDCPA, you may wish to describe them. For example,
"Please note that in violation of the Fair Debt Collection Practices
Act, one of your agents contacted me last night at 9:30 PM. Should your
agency contact me at any time in the future, please be sure that your
contact is made in full compliance with the FDCPA."]
Sincerely,
[Your Name]
|
|
What If
You Dispute The Debt?
If,
within thirty days after receiving written notice of the debt from the debt
collector, you send the collection agency a letter stating that you do not owe
the money, the debt collector must stop contacting you. The notice must be in
writing, and must be hand delivered or postmarked within thirty days of the
first written notice from the debt collector.
The
debt collector may renew collection activities if you are sent proof of the
debt, such as a copy of a bill for the amount claimed by the creditor.
|
Sample
Letter
|
|
Your Name
Your Address
Date
Collection Agency's Name
Collection Agency's Address
|
Subject:
|
Debt
Collection Against [Your Name]
Creditor Name: [Creditor]
Account No. [Number]
|
Dear Account Representative,
I am writing pursuant to
the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, 15 USC 1692g, to inform you that I
dispute the alleged debt associated with account [number ________] with
[creditor]. I do not believe that I owe the amount alleged by you.
Your letter of [Date of
letter from debt collector] was the first time I have heard from you about
this alleged debt. Thus I am requesting that you provide the following
information:
- Please
explain the nature of the alleged debt - that is, what the money I
allegedly owe is for;
- Please provide
an accounting explaining how you calculated what you allege that I
owe;
- Please
provide me with copies of any contracts or documents which form a
basis for the alleged debt; and
- Please
provide me with the name and address of the original creditor.
I further request that
you take the following actions:
- Please
contact any credit agencies to whom you have reported this alleged debt,
and inform them that I am disputing the debt; and
- Please
also forward a copy of this letter to the creditor who alleges that I
owe the debt at issue, and inform them that I am disputing the debt.
Except as specifically
outlined herein, I am requesting that you cease all contact with me about
the alleged debt. Any further contact should be strictly in conformity with
the FDCPA: It should be limited to providing me with the documentation
requested in this letter, informing me that you have ceased collection
efforts on the alleged debt, or stating that you are taking a specific
action in relation to the debt such as commencing a collection lawsuit. Any
further contact should be made in writing, and should be submitted to my
home address by mail.
Sincerely,
[Your Name]
|
|
What
Remedies Are Available If The Debt Collector Violates The Law
Under
the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, you have the right to sue a debt
collector in state or federal court within one year from the date of the
violation. If you win, you may recover damages in the amount of any losses you
suffered as a result of the violation, plus an additional amount of up to
$1,000.00. You may also be able to recover court costs and attorney fees.
If
the same debt collector has engaged in unlawful conduct with a number of
consumers, it may be possible to find a lawyer who will file a class action
lawsuit.
Where
Can I Report Legal Violations By Debt Collectors?
In
most states, you may report the agency's conduct to the state Attorney
General's office.
You
may also contact the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) if you have a problem with
an out-of-state debt collection agency.
Federal
Trade Commission
One Bowling Green Ste. 318
New York, NY 10004
1-877-382-4357 begin_of_the_skype_highlighting 1-877-382-4357 end_of_the_skype_highlighting
(877-FTC-HELP begin_of_the_skype_highlighting 877-FTC-HELP end_of_the_skype_highlighting)